Endowing the Digital Turn: A Maqasid-Anchored Conceptual Framework Integrating Waqf Financing, Educational Technology, and Islamic Education
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61159/2xjkqm64Keywords:
educational technology; Islamic education; maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah; tarbiyah; waqf financingAbstract
The accelerating digitalisation of Islamic educational institutions has outpaced the financing architectures that are supposed to sustain it. This article develops an integrative conceptual framework that connects three literatures which have so far advanced in parallel: educational technology, Islamic education, and waqf-based educational financing. The study adopts a theory-synthesis design for conceptual papers, drawing on a purposively constructed corpus of eighty-one peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, DOAJ, and SINTA, with journal articles restricted to 2021–2026 and books to 2016–2026. Analysis proceeded through open, axial, and integrative coding, followed by proposition building and framework articulation. The synthesis yields the Waqf–Technology–Tarbiyah (WTT) framework, which specifies three dyadic intersections, namely sustainable financing, value-aligned mediation, and endowed access equity, all evaluated against maq??id al-shar?‘ah. The framework identifies a structural mismatch between the perpetuity logic of waqf capital and the obsolescence logic of digital assets, and resolves it through a corpus-and-reserve architecture that separates capital from operational expenditure windows. Four institutional maturity levels are proposed, together with a maq??id-referenced audit instrument. The article contributes a theoretically grounded and operationally specific model that reframes educational technology not as a procurement problem but as an endowable public good within Islamic educational institutions. Implications for nazhir professionalisation, teacher capability, and regulatory design are discussed.
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